人文北京（人文奥运）研究中心

作者：王智慧

刊于《北京体育大学学报》2018年第2期

摘 要:为了揭示社会变迁背景下武术文化传承的内在机制，分析武术文化传承人的生存轨迹与文化 传承态势，主要采用口述历史的研究方法，聚焦一位武术国家级非物质文化遗产传承人的生活经历， 通过对武术传承人个体存续状况的梳理揭示社会变迁下武术文化传承的基本法则。认为: 在社会结 构层面上传统社会“机械团结”的“单一”和“同质”特征促进了武术文化的传承，而建立在工业社会 基础上的“有机团结”分化了民众的价值认同和行为选择; 武术文化正经历社会变迁下文化调适的震 荡期，发明、积累、传播和调适是文化演进的必然过程，创新的思维与开放的胸怀是传承和发展的关 键; 生存理性与实践理性促使武术传承人与时俱进，在经历社会变迁后又陷入文化传承的焦虑与反 思; 现代媒介助力拳种实现了跨越区域和种族传播，传统武术“打练结合”实用价值的凸显促进了品 牌符号的形成。

关键词:武术传承;社会结构;生存理性;文化变迁;文化传播;传统文化;武术传承人

doi:10．19582/j．cnki．113785/g8．2018．02．018

中图分类号:G852. 01

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1007 －3612( 2018) 02 －0121 －09

Abstract: In order to reveal the internal mechanism of martial art culture inheritance under the background of social changes and analyze the living track of martial art inheritors and the situation of cultural inheritance，we focuses on the life experience of a inheritor of the national intangible cultural heritage by the oral history research method，and reveals the basic rules of inheritance of marital art culture under social changes by getting a clear picture of the individual living situation． We believe that the“single”and“homogeneous”characteristics of“me chanical unity”of traditional society at the level of social structure has promoted the inheritance of martial art culture，while the“organic unity”established on the basic of industrial society has differentiated the public's value recognition and behavioral choice． The martial art culture is experiencing the cultural adaptation under social changes． Invention，accumulation，dissemination and adaptation are inevitable processes of cultural evolution; innovative thinking and open mind are crucial for inheritance and development; survival rational and practical rational urge martial art inheritors to keep pace with the times，and we are stuck in anxiety and reflection of cultural inheritance after experiencing social changes; modern media helps boxing realize the spread of cross regional and ethnic，and the highlighted practical value of“contest-practice combination”of traditional martial arts has promoted the formation of brand symbols．

Keywords: martial art inheritance; social structure; existence rational; cultural changes; cultural dissemination; traditional culture; martial art inheritor